International Hosptality Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International Hosptality Operations - Essay Example This industry is considered by many people to now be the biggest industry in the world. It is one of the few industries where both the producer and the consumer must meet face to face. There is a great deal of diversity among both the tourists and those who serve them. Although the tourism industry can easily be subdivided into many sub-industries, this paper will focus only on international chain hotels and their concerns with managing the diversity among their employees. (Spillane, James J) In a study that was carried out to ascertain consumer satisfaction in the international hotel business, C. Mok and R. W. Armstrong (1998) distributed questionnaires to 600 guests of three mid- priced hotels in Hong Kong in early 1996. From these, 325 respondents completed usable questionnaires. Of these, only those whose country of origin sample size was greater than 30 were included in the final analysis. This included respondents from Australia, Japan, Taiwan, UK and the USA. SERVQUAL analysis was used to determine if tourists from different cultural backgrounds had significantly different expectations for hotel service quality. It was found that "Tourists from the UK have the highest overall expectation scores followed by tourists from USA, Australia, Taiwan and Japan. Intangible elements such as human qualities were perceived as more important by all guests than were the intangible elements such as furniture, facilities." (Spillane, James J) What is international Hospitality International hospitality is the provision of welcoming environments to visitors from foreign lands. The international hospitality industry is without doubt, a "human-resources", and people oriented industry. Some products of this industry include the rendering of services like Accommodation, Relaxation, Spas and Health Clubs, Functions and banquets, Meetings, Commercial catering, Security, Gaming, Food Service, Beverage Service Entertainment, Theme Parties & Festivals, and general, Recreation. The international hospitality industry is also closely related to some other sectors of the tourism industry like Airlines, Tourist Information Centers, Transport Operators, travel Agents, Tourist Attractions (like Theme Parks), Retail Outlets and Gift Shops. Industry Image Due to the importance of planning and development issues in the international hospitality and tourism industry, such as capacity planning, sustainability, structural activity re-alignments,Like some other service sectors, hospitality careers are often stereotyped as low-wage and entry-level, with little opportunity for advancement. As a result, qualified workers, especially the youth, are usually not aware of the range of hospitality careers that are available to them. Chinda Tejavanija Chang observed that Most of the hoteliers or professionals in Hotel or Tourism Industry have made their way to the top through their professional experiences and accumulating their competencies and skills through their various positions in the field as they climbed up their corporate ladder to be top executives of the organization they belong. (Chang, Chinda Tejavanija) HISTORY OF THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY The international hospitality industry is a multi billion-dollar enterprise. It is an exciting, sector, which offers unlimited opportunities, and

Peace order in country Essay Example for Free

Peace order in country Essay There are three types of peace orders: Interim peace orders. If you wish to file for a peace order but the district court clerk’s office is closed, you can file for an interim order by going to the nearest District Court commissioner. If the commissioner believes that you have been abused by the person you are filing against and that the abuser is likely to abuse you again in the future, s/he may issue an interim peace order.* An interim peace order goes into effect once the respondent is served by a law enforcement officer. *1 The interim peace order lasts until a judge holds a temporary peace order hearing or until the end of the second business day that the court clerk’s office is open after the interim peace order is issued, whichever comes sooner. If the court is closed on the day on which the interim peace order is due to expire, the interim peace order will be effective until the next day on which the court is open, at which time the court shall hold a temporary peace order hearing.*2 The interim peace order has to include the date for the temporary peace order hearing, and a tentative date for the final peace order hearing.*3 Note: Even if you are denied an interim peace order, you can still apply for a temporary or final peace order.*4 Temporary peace orders. When you go to court during normal court hours to file for a final peace order, you can ask for a temporary peace order, which can be issued the same day. If the judge believes that you have been abused by the person you are filing against and that the abuser is likely to abuse you again in the future, s/he may issue a temporary peace order. This order can be issued with or without the abuser present.*5 The order is effective when it is served.*6 The temporary order is in effect for up to 7 days after service of the order unless the court is closed on the day on which the temporary peace order is due to expire. In that case, the temporary peace order shall be effective until the second day on which the court is open, by which time the court should hold a final peace order hearing. However, the judge may extend the temporary order to allow for service of the order or for another good reason, but not to more than 30 days.*7 Note: If the respondent is at the hearing, the judge may go ahead and hold a hearing for a final peace order instead of a temporary one if you and the respondent agree to this.*8 Final peace orders. The respondent has the opportunity to be present at the final peace order hearing. If the judge believes that you have been abused by the person you are filing against and that the abuser is likely to abuse you again in the future, s/he may issue a final peace order, which can last for up to 6 months.*9 As of October 2011, peace orders can be extended.*10 See Can I modify, cancel or extend my peace order? for more information.

Harley Davidson Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Harley-Davidson Motor Company had a small beginning, but has risen to unimaginable success. The road to success has not been simple and the company has been faced with many hardships. The support of outrageously loyal owners have allowed the company to struggle but maintain its composure. Harley’s top management has implemented plans to achieve prosperity, which has lasted throughout the years, and they are constantly looking forward.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To understand this company’s success it is important to know a brief history. H-D began meagerly in 1903 and is the brainchild of two men, William S. Harley and Arthur Davidson. Their first shop was a small wooden shed in their hometown of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The shop was more of a hut, not much larger then a Moravian College dorm room. On the front door there was roughly carved sign that read, â€Å"The Harley-Davidson Motor Company.† From this tiny beginning H-D grew to become the ruler of the American motorcycle industry (Harley-Davidson.com).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Arthur’s brothers Walter, and William Davidson soon joined up and they began expanding the motorcycle industry. About this time H-D filed articles of corporation, and the stock was spilt four ways amongst the Harley’s and the Davidson’s. This begins a family tradition that still thrives today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  H-D rapidly expanded and grew in popularity. In 1953, following the demise of its last American competitor, Indian (Hendee Manufacturing), Harley-Davidson becomes the sole producer of motorcycles in the United States. Harley remains alone for forty-six years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After World War II, in which H-D produced 90,000 bikes for military use, Harley began to experience its newest and most competitive foe, foreign manufacturers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The introduction of Japanese motorcycles into the United States drastically affected H-D. Japanese bikes were more efficient and cheaper. Also the Japanese marketed their bikes as clean and wholesome, and tried to pit Harley’s badboy image against them. Now Harley’s management faced a difficult situation, either to evolve or face elimination.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At this time, late 1960s, H-D was still a privately owned corporation, but to avoid takeover and also to gain financial backing H-D merged with the American Machin... ...f H-D motorcycles. Harley has endured strong Japanese competition, weak parent companies (AMF), and numerous production difficulties. Through all of their trials and tribulations H-D most valuable asset has been its enormous cult following of die-hard bikers. With such positive brand image and tremendous success in the stock market, I think it is safe to say that the patented sound of Harley-Davidson motorcycles will be heard for as long as this country stands. Bibliography Bartol, Kathryn M. and Martin, David C. Management. Bosto: McGraw-Hill. 1998. Eisenberg, Daniel. â€Å"Youth Must Be Revved,† Time August 13, 2001, Vol. 158 Issue 6, p47. Http://www.Harley-Davidson.com Jackson, Terry. â€Å"Designer Ford 2001 Pickups: Too Pretty to Haul Gravel,† Hispanic May 2001, Vol.14 Issue 5, p74. McLaughlin, Abraham. â€Å"The radical road that Harley took,† Christian Science Monitor November 29, 1999, Vol. 92 Issue 3, p1. Reid, Peter. Well Made in America: Lessons from Harley-Davidson on being the best. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1990.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Methods of Trafficking and Counters Essay -- essays research papers f

METHODS OF TRAFFICKING AND COUNTERS Many people choose to try and make fortunes through the illegal trade of drugs. This type of business gives the highest return of dollars spent, but is one of the hardest products to ship. There are many techniques that have been used throughout the years in order to try and get the illegal substances into the United States, which leads to the government’s response to counter the illegal transshipments. Although the War on Drugs appears to be a futile effort, there are many ways to tighten down on the drug traffickers and successfully put them out of business utilizing government tactics and education.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main ways to ship illegal substances into the United States are by individual carry or by vehicle (land, sea, or air). The farmer or the manufacturers rarely ever attempt these methods, but instead utilize a third person to assume the risk for the transaction from supplier to the individuals seeking to either use or distribute the product. These individuals are called drug traffickers or â€Å"mules†, and the job does not discriminate between age, sex, or race.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the most disgusting examples of a trafficker is when a child is involved. Neither the manufacturer nor the supplier seem to mind if a child is carrying the same drugs that will soon infect the neighborhood’s playground. â€Å"A twelve-year-old boy, acting as a drug mule, became ill after trying to transport 87 heroin-filled condoms from London to New York. Upon arrival, the boy exited the airport, hailed a cab to drop off the drugs, and found the drop-off empty, the boy then became ill and started passing the heroin bags† (Stars & Stripes, 10). The fact that a young boy was used to transport drugs is appalling, but worse is that this article was not front-page news, or even second or third. The United States has become so accustomed to these types of tragedies, which has brought a sense of numbness to the activities. In order to counter the use of young children’s involvement in the drug trade, citizens have to realize the importance of keeping the children out of the newspaper.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every child in the United States has a parental figure that has been tasked with the responsibility of teaching that child right from wrong. When events occur to demonstrate that obviously th... ...nforcement needs to be notified. At no time should a citizen get involved in actually stopping the drug activity, but that person should know what to do in the case that an illegal activity is observed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The drug trade attracts many people with the lure of quick money and extravagant lifestyles. The truth of the seedy world of drugs needs to be exposed in order to totally confront the War on Drugs. The tactics that are used to fight against the traffickers of illegal drugs will not win the war alone. In order to defeat the drug lords and win the War on Drugs, every citizen of the United States must be enlisted. Although the War on Drugs appears to be a fruitless attempt, the road to success is paved with stronger government actions and better citizen support accomplished through education. WORKS CITED Clawson, Patrick. THE ANDEAN COCAINE INDUSTRY. New York, NY: Saint Martin’s, 1996. NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY,1997. Washington, DC: Office Of National Drug Control Policy, Executive Office of the President, 1997. STARS AND STRIPES. â€Å"Boy, 12, Swallows 87 Heroin-Filled Condoms† Vol 60, No 360; 14 April 2002.

Assignment: Blood Disorders

Running Heading: BLOOD DISORDERS Blood Disorders Athena Hackett Health and Diseases: Understanding Paths and Pathology June 20, 2010 Dr. Natasha Billups In each scenario provided each person is at risk of a specific disorder. The first patient Amy, who is the four year old Caucasian female, in my opinion is at risk for the blood disorder of Iron Deficiency Anemia. Next is person at possible risk of a specific blood disorder is Marcus. Marcus is a five year old African American male with a parent that carries the trait of Sickle Cell Anemia.Therefore, the possible blood disorder he is at risk for is Sickle Cell Anemia. Last is Richard and his possible blood disorder he is at risk for is Thrombocytopenia. Each person has specific symptoms that make them at risk for the blood disorders I mentioned above. Amy is a four year old Caucasian female with symptoms of being tired, pale skin and she is a very picky eater. Most of her foods are starches and processed meats and drinks. Her foods s eem to lack the desired amount of iron needed for a growing girl. According to webmd. om â€Å"decreased iron intake is a contributing factor in iron deficiency and the resulting iron deficiency anemia†. Iron deficiency Anemia is one of the more common cases of anemia. It can be controlled or prevented by adding more iron to a person’s diet. Foods that are high or rich in iron are red meats (beef), whole wheat bread, spinach, raisins and eggs. There are lots of other foods that are high in iron as well. If eating foods high in iron is not sufficient then a person can take iron vitamins to help with providing more iron to their diet.With taking iron a person has to be monitored and advised on how much they are able to take. If a person takes too much iron it could be dangerous to their health. There are also side effects with taking iron. One of the most common side effects of Iron Deficiency Anemia is constipation. Some people will have to increase their fiber intake t o avoid constipation. The next scenario mentioned was about a five year old African American male named Marcus. Marcus is at risk of having Sickle Cell Anemia because his mother is a carrier of that trait.On the website drkoop. com the definition of sickle cell is â€Å"is an inherited disease in which the red blood cells, normally disc-shaped, become crescent shaped. As a result, they function abnormally and cause small blood clots. These clots give rise to recurrent painful episodes called â€Å"sickle cell pain crises†. † It is a very painful disease and presently there is no cure. The majority of people with this disease is African American and mentioned previously it is inherited.Both parents have to be carriers of the trait for the child to have the disease. Due to the pain and discomfort patients are sometimes hospitalized for long periods of times. It can also be life threatening or there are severe crisis the person has to deal with. There are several types of crises are: Hemolytic crisis (occurs when damaged red blood cells break down); Splenic sequestration crisis (when the spleen enlarges and traps the blood cells); and Aplastic crisis (when an infection causes the bone marrow to stop producing red blood cells).Every patient with Sickle Cell Anemia will go through one or all of these crises at some point in their life. They can last from a few days to weeks or months. They affect the bones in the person’s body and eventually can cause damage to a major organ or several major organs. The last scenario mentioned was in regards to a male named Richard. Some of his symptoms were red spots around his eyes and bruises or ecchymosis all over his body. Based on those symptoms I thought me may be at risk of Thrombocytopenia.Thrombocytopenia is low blood platelet count. According to the mayoclinic. com â€Å"platelets (thrombocytes) are colorless blood cells that play an important role in blood clotting. Platelets stop blood loss by clu mping and forming plugs in blood vessel holes†. This particular blood disorder usually starts because of another disorder such as leukemia or an immune system malfunction, or as a medication side effect. One of the good things about his disorder is that it can be reversed if one of the other disorders is treated.In some cases if the disorder is chronic then medication, surgery or blood transfusion will reverse this disorder. There are many different types of blood disorders. From each scenario I was able to determine that some disorders can be treated without medication and just require dietary changes. Mean while others are not curable and are very painful to the person with that disorder. I was also able to discover that other disorders can bring on some blood disorders and are curable once you treat or cure the underlying problem.REFERENCES webmd. com dr. koop. com mayoclinic. com

Censorship in AMerica essays

Censorship in AMerica essays Marilyn Manson, The Beatles, NWA, Garth Brooks, and the king, Elvis, What do all these people have in common? Well, yes, they are all musical groups, but there is something more. Marilyn Manson is a heavy metal group who worships Satan, the Beatles were one of the greatest Rock N Roll bands of all time, and NWA was a hard-core rap group from the 80s. Garth Brooks is a country singer and greatest selling performer of all time, and well, Elvis is the king of Rock N Roll. So what do they all have in common? All of these artists have or had songs with indecent or obscene lyrics. Since the dawn of musical expression, there have been people trying to stop or hinder the constitutional right to listen and enjoy music of all forms. There were ordinary, everyday people during the infancy of Rock N Roll in the 1960s who made it their mission in life to stop so-called obscene music like the Beatles song Lucy In the Sky With Diamonds, from polluting our airwaves and minds. These groups succeeded in banning some songs from the radio, but most of their actions were for naught, because there was no real punishment for radio stations playing those songs labeled obscene. By 1985, many people wanted to cleanse the music industry of its indecent music, so the most prominent group in the history of music censorship was started: The Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC)-(A Brief...). This was just the first of many groups who made it their business to decide what the American Population These censorship groups have also been able to get government money in order to fight, lie, and bribe their way to censoring music. The PMRC and other organizations have also convinced government organizations like the Federal Communications Commissions (FCC) to regulate what music is played on the radio. Places like Target, Disc Joc...

Multiplexing

Multiplexing IT331-02AU: Technology InfrastructureInstructor Jason LitzIn telecommunications and computer networks, multiplexing is a process where multiple analog message signals or digital data streams are combined into one signal over a shared medium. The aim is to share an expensive resource. For example, in telecommunications, several phone calls may be transferred using one wire. It originated in telegraphy, and is now widely applied in communications.Multiplexing is provided by the physical layer of the OSI model, while multiple access also involves a media access control protocol, which is part of the data link layer. The frequency band from 88 MHz to 108 MHz is reserved over the public airwaves for commercial FM broadcasting. The 88-108 MHz frequency band is divided into 200 kHz sub-bands.The multiplexed signal is transmitted over a communication channel, which may be a physical transmission medium. The multiplexing divides the capacity of the low-level communication channel into several higher-level logical channels, one for each message signal or data stream to be transferred. A reverse process, known as demultiplexing, can extract the original channels on the receiver side.Interference is the biggest single problem with the AWS-3 band, as planned, permits the use of the entire 25 MHz of spectrum for both transmitting from the cell sites to the devices and for the devices to transmit back to the cell sites. Time Division Duplex or TDD, requires the cell site and device transmitters to share the same spectrum with the cell transmitter talking to the mobile device and then listening for a response. This gives customers the allusion that they are using a system that permits simultaneous two-way communications, which is called duplex and is common in all commercial wireless systems. Yes, Clearwire is using this type of system, but not adjacent to spectrum using the standard...

Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year 2017

Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year 2017 Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year 2017 Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year 2017 By Mark Nichol The Oxford Dictionaries recently publicized its Word of the Year for 2017 and the runner-up shortlist, and the selections, and a comparison of them with those of Merriam-Webster, are intriguing. The Oxford Dictionaries (part of Oxford University Press) and Merriam-Webster, publishers of the predominant dictionaries in the United Kingdom and the United States, respectively, select a Word of the Year (and a shortlist of runners-up) each year, as do other dictionary publishers, and the primary criterion for selection is the same: Visitors to the respective publishers’ online dictionaries looked up the chosen word, and those in the shortlist, significantly more often than most other words. (These words, not coincidentally, tend to reflect the sociopolitical zeitgeist and are likely to have lasting cultural significance.) Two aspects of the shortlists interested me. First, the two lists have no words in common. Second, although I read widely and I was familiar with the circumstances by which nearly all the words on both lists had become so prominent, I had not encountered most of the terms on the Oxford Dictionaries list, though the meanings for some of them are (for me, at least) easily deduced. The top word, according to the Oxford Dictionaries, is youthquake, which reflects the significance of an unexpectedly strong turnout of younger voters in the 2017 snap election in the United Kingdom and an election in New Zealand later in the year. The term, which refers to a significant change prompted by young people, was actually coined in 1965 by Diana Vreeland, then editor of Vogue magazine, but it has maintained a low profile over the past half-century- and similar rumblings have not occurred in the United States on anywhere near the same scale, hence the lack of a concurrent spike in popularity for the term on this side of the Pond. The same is true of most of the runners-up. One strong exception is antifa, a loanword from Germany- a truncation of Antifaschistische (antifascist) dating to before World War II and referring to militant leftist political demonstrators- because of the ubiquity of such protestors at demonstrations in the United States. However, broflake (meaning â€Å"a politically conservative man easily offended by progressive attitudes†) did not make much of an impression in the United States. (The term is a play on snowflake, which in a sociopolitical context refers pejoratively to supposedly oversensitive liberals by comparing them to a very delicate meteorological phenomenon; it substitutes snow with bro, originally neutral slang for brother but here connoting a boorish conservative man.) Nor did the related term â€Å"white fragility,† coined by American academic Robin DiAngelo in 2011 to refer to the general inability of white people to withstand confrontational discussions abou t racial equality. Other terms on the Oxford Dictionary shortlist include kompromat, a Russian loanword derived from â€Å"compromising material† and denoting sensitive personal information that can be used against a political opponent; newsjacking, meaning â€Å"taking advantage of news or current events to promote a brand or product†; and â€Å"milkshake duck,† meaning a social media star who prompts disillusionment when he or she is discovered to have a character flaw- an allusion to being charmed by an internet meme such as video of a duck drinking a milkshake, only to find out that the duck is a racist. Then there’s gorpcore, describing a fashion trend featuring utilitarian clothing associated with outdoor recreation; the term is a play on normcore, which denotes pointedly drab, plain attire and is based on the use of the element -core, derived from hardcore. (Gorp, perhaps deriving from a verb meaning eat greedily, is another word for â€Å"trail mix.†) Finally, unicorn, originally a word for a mythical horned horselike animal (the name literally means one horn), pertains to a product featuring rainbow colors, glitter, and/or other colorful enhancements designed to distract consumers from their mundane lives; the term derives from the prominence of such features in children’s toys and entertainment that feature unicorns. (This sense also supplants the use of unicorn to denote something so rare as to be virtually unobtainable, such as an ideal romantic or sexual partner.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:25 Subordinating Conjunctions225 Foreign Phrases to Inspire YouStarting a Business Letter with Dear Mr.

Network Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Network Security - Essay Example But with this ease of information access comes the issue of security. With the increase of information flow, there has been an increase in the number of attacks on information by hackers. Attacks such as Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks, Spoofs, Sniffing, etc. have increased with the increase in the availability of hacking tools which are free of cost. Valuable information is lost in the process. For example, if a customer buys a product of a particular organization through their web-site and a hacker presents himself as the organization and receives the money from the customer, valuable information such as the ID of the customer, his credit card numbers, his passwords are all stolen by the hacker. Therefore such information has to be transferred securely over the Internet. Encryption is the most common way of securing valuable information while transmitting over the Internet (Rahman, 2003). Networks are secured in a different manner. They are secured using tools called "Firewalls". W henever transactions or information between a customer and an organization are being carried out, a particular pattern is followed. Firewalls recognize and allow only these transactions or processes to be carried out and block out all the unrecognized patterns. By implementing Firewalls, most of the attacks from the hackers can be kept out. Securing a network just does not happen. There are many issues to be considered when making policies for network security. The three main issues back in the earlier days were Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability. Due to the advances in the technologies, these issues have been mostly resolved. But in the present day Networks, other issues have appeared. These issues will eventually result in the breaching of confidentiality, integrity and availability thereby defeating the cause of coming up with Network Security policies. We can ask the following questions to resolve the recent issues related to Network Security: Should Identity Manager be put back to the User Identity Control from the top down approach has traditionally been imposed by all Enterprises and Governments. But this has resulted in resilience from the users. Users have always found it difficult to cope up with the time constraints resulting from the above mentioned approach. This approach looks increasingly antiquated for the present day user needs. Microsoft's Kim Cameron once noted that: "A system that does not put users in control will - immediately or over time - be rejected" (Dean, 2006). This is true because users expect real fast response and do not like to waste their time in waiting for a response from the requested network or system. Identity Control being at the Server side is the key to ensuring trusted relationship for billions of business transactions all over the world. Identity Control being at the server side makes it possible for the replying Network to ensure that the keys constructed are secure. Since the control will be present with the server, no user will have chance of even attempting to break the key and steal the information being transferred. At the macro level, the advantages that accrue in the form of innumerable applications and services,

Online courses versus Traditional courses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Online courses versus Traditional courses - Essay Example Sometimes students get involved in discussions because they feel more comfortable sharing their opinions than in a normal face to face manner. Furthermore, there are varieties of free education tools (audio or video) that will create the feeling of a classroom setting. It is difficult to make friends in an online class because one never meets one another, as well as their professor in real life. Additionally, it might be extremely difficult to discipline one self enough especially when one is computer illiterate or unfamiliar with accessing the web. Traditional courses give students the liberty to be in class on time for lectures, turn in assignments, meet with groups or take test at a scheduled time. There are chances to connect with a lot of people in the classroom, make friends easily with your classmate, have easy access to your professor during office hours, ask questions and get instant help. It is not open, sometimes when people keep out of class they might go far behind on the course especially when taking quizzes. As a family and a working student, there are classes that may not fit your schedule; one may have to drop some classes to find room for another one. One can connect to a lot of people in the classroom, make friends easily with their classmates, have easy access to your professor during office hours, ask questions and get instant

Discuss the main factors that have contributed to policy Essay

Discuss the main factors that have contributed to policy liberalisation towards FDI in LDCs during the last three decades - Essay Example is paper seeks to analyze the reasons why most TNCs have in recent decades been proactive in the transfer of technology and R&D activities to developing countries. In addition, the paper will examine the role played by TNCs in world development, through the transfer of technology and R&D activities. In order to fully understand the factors facilitating technological transfer and R&D services to developing countries by TNCs, it is important understand the terms â€Å"technology†, â€Å"technology transfer† and â€Å"R&D†. According to Kiely (1998, pp.58) technology is the methodical knowledge of how to produce goods and services. Technology transfer, therefore, refers to the process of commercially spreading such knowledge. R&D on its part is concerned with the investigation, experimentation, and verification phases of product and service innovation or improvement (ibid). Technology plays a very fundamental role in the development of any country. Accordingly, developing countries consider the acquisition of technology as the surest way to attain development to the level of their developed counterparts. In prior years, most TNCs with the capacity to develop advanced technology were solely located in industrialized countries. Consequently, developing countries were left behind in the development of technology (Roberts, 2008 pp.260). This scenario has however changed in the last twenty years. For any company, whether domestic-based or transnational, the logistics associated with transport and communication is a major influence on operations. Fundamentally, any TNC wishing to set base in a foreign country must first analyze the transport and communication sector of the host country (Ietto-Gilles, 2012 pp.208). Realizing this, most developing countries, through their governments invested a lot in the transport and communication industry in the last two decades. In turn, many TNCs were able to set base in these countries and run their operations smoothly. According to

Memorandum to Canada's National Leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Memorandum to Canada's National Leader - Essay Example It is recommended that mediation, negotiations and dialogue in addition to the application of the law be applied in the mitigation of the various security challenges which are facing the contemporary Nigerian society. National security challenge in Nigeria There is a lot of insecurity in Nigeria which manifests itself in different forms in various parts of the nation. In South West Nigeria there are many incidences of armed robbery (Eme and Anthony 172). The Northern part of the state on the other hand is characterized by operations of cross-border bandits. The south is full of kidnapping incidences which are reported on daily basis. It is notable that no citizen is spared. Children, the aged, government officials, professionals, titled men, professionals and women have not been spared at all from the security threats which are currently Nigeria’s talk of the day (Enu and Ude 254). The security challenge that the various parts of Nigeria are experiencing demonstrate how nation al insecurity in such a significant scare within the contemporary Nigerian society. Insecurity is so rampant in Nigeria that it is becoming a norm. The common wave of crime in Nigeria and the current use of explosives and other terrorist instruments further reveal how such crimes are a threat to the national security (Omede 90). The lawlessness which characterizes the modern Nigeria is attributed to the criminality which is ever becoming common within the state (Hills 92). It is notable that the response of the governing authorities to incidences of insecurity is very inadequate. Investigations are called after major security threats but they never lead to substantive mitigation of the security problem. On daily basis Nigerians face the fate of criminal activity which has led to many killings without the killers being arrested. As a result, there is little fear among the criminals within the country because they know that in one way or another they are likely to escape the long arm of the law. The social and economic insecurity in Nigeria which is perpetuated by the state of lawlessness in the country has led to misery within the society and threats to the well being of the citizens (Ayodele 301). The root causes of insecurity in Nigeria have been theorized. The armed robbery theory stipulates that the major cause of incidences of insecurity within the country is the increasing incidents of armed robbery. This theory recognizes that there exist groups in Nigeria with the intent for armed criminal activity. Moreover, the armed robbery theory explains the armed nature of Nigerian politics where elections are characterized by violence as the electoral tool (Omede 101). However what makes the insecurity problem in Nigeria worse is the fact that the modern armed groups within the country are more trained, sophisticated and armed than in the past which poses a challenge to the governing authorities and police departments. The wobble economic theory on the other hand describes the cause of the increasing insecurity within Nigeria as an adjunct of the ever growing number of youths who are scrambling for the labor market without success. Failure to acquire jobs makes the young people to indulge in criminal activities. The wobble economic theory further illustrates that the high level of poverty within the Nigerian society is the cause of people’s attraction to violence. The ruling opposition party theory has also been linked to the causes of Nigeria’

Substance Abuse Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Substance Abuse - Article Example Through the journaling technique, I took down relevant notes on shared information which are deemed crucial to the healing process. As I was attending the meeting, there were different thoughts that crossed my mind, such as (1) how dedicated and committed are the alcoholics and the family members who attended the meeting; (2) do they really see the group (Alcoholic Anonymous) as an effective tool for recovery; (3) how different are the views of new and old members in terms of AA facilitating ways for their recovery; (4) does it help the alcoholics more when family members are present; among others. Initially, the meeting started by the presider announcing relevant events and activities to be participated in by alcoholics, family members and interest guests. Then, during the discussion the presider reminds members of the Twelve Steps which are the guiding principles for recovery. Old alcoholic members who have fully recovered shared their challenges and rewards for undergoing the program; while members were still anxious and apprehensive to share experiences. Every experiences shared were expounded by the preside r where interesting thoughts were emphasized and confirmed through validating experiences of others. I honestly thought that it would be an instrumental contribution to be part of this community as a presider, a coach or mentor to assist people with drinking problems on the road towards

Memorandum to Canada's National Leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Memorandum to Canada's National Leader - Essay Example It is recommended that mediation, negotiations and dialogue in addition to the application of the law be applied in the mitigation of the various security challenges which are facing the contemporary Nigerian society. National security challenge in Nigeria There is a lot of insecurity in Nigeria which manifests itself in different forms in various parts of the nation. In South West Nigeria there are many incidences of armed robbery (Eme and Anthony 172). The Northern part of the state on the other hand is characterized by operations of cross-border bandits. The south is full of kidnapping incidences which are reported on daily basis. It is notable that no citizen is spared. Children, the aged, government officials, professionals, titled men, professionals and women have not been spared at all from the security threats which are currently Nigeria’s talk of the day (Enu and Ude 254). The security challenge that the various parts of Nigeria are experiencing demonstrate how nation al insecurity in such a significant scare within the contemporary Nigerian society. Insecurity is so rampant in Nigeria that it is becoming a norm. The common wave of crime in Nigeria and the current use of explosives and other terrorist instruments further reveal how such crimes are a threat to the national security (Omede 90). The lawlessness which characterizes the modern Nigeria is attributed to the criminality which is ever becoming common within the state (Hills 92). It is notable that the response of the governing authorities to incidences of insecurity is very inadequate. Investigations are called after major security threats but they never lead to substantive mitigation of the security problem. On daily basis Nigerians face the fate of criminal activity which has led to many killings without the killers being arrested. As a result, there is little fear among the criminals within the country because they know that in one way or another they are likely to escape the long arm of the law. The social and economic insecurity in Nigeria which is perpetuated by the state of lawlessness in the country has led to misery within the society and threats to the well being of the citizens (Ayodele 301). The root causes of insecurity in Nigeria have been theorized. The armed robbery theory stipulates that the major cause of incidences of insecurity within the country is the increasing incidents of armed robbery. This theory recognizes that there exist groups in Nigeria with the intent for armed criminal activity. Moreover, the armed robbery theory explains the armed nature of Nigerian politics where elections are characterized by violence as the electoral tool (Omede 101). However what makes the insecurity problem in Nigeria worse is the fact that the modern armed groups within the country are more trained, sophisticated and armed than in the past which poses a challenge to the governing authorities and police departments. The wobble economic theory on the other hand describes the cause of the increasing insecurity within Nigeria as an adjunct of the ever growing number of youths who are scrambling for the labor market without success. Failure to acquire jobs makes the young people to indulge in criminal activities. The wobble economic theory further illustrates that the high level of poverty within the Nigerian society is the cause of people’s attraction to violence. The ruling opposition party theory has also been linked to the causes of Nigeria’

Peony Pavilion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Peony Pavilion - Essay Example Peony Pavilion Her maid suggests her to abandon her dull studies and to take a walk in the garden. In the garden she falls asleep and has a beautiful dream about her lover. In the dream, she makes intense love to him but on waking up she is unable to remember much of her dream. She even tries to look for her lover, but all in vain. This further disappoints her and she starves her self to death. Before dying, however, she paints a beautiful picture of herself and requests that it must be placed next to her grave. Her mother decides to bury her under a plum tree. After her death, she goes to hell where she tells the judge about her story. Impressed by her beauty and touched by her tale, the judge orders to let go of her. She is even told that her marriage with her lover is predestined. After release, her ghost wanders in the garden where her body is buried. On the other side, Liu Mengmei is young improverished scholar who has taken up the journey to the capital to give his civil service examinations. He also dreams of a young girl who informs him that she could bring him happiness and prosperity.On his way , he visits the garden where Du Liniang is buried. He discovers her picture next to her shrine, and falls in love with her. The Ghost appears and they both make refined love to each other, After that, Du convinces Lui of her state, that she is mere ghost and also convinces him to exhume her by digging up her grave so that her soul and body can reunite. With the help of Flower Goddess, the reunion of flesh and soul takes place and they formally get married. In the last section of the story, Du presses upon her husband to convince her parents that she is back to life. However, that brings her husband the wrath of her father. He is accused of and punished for grave robbing. In the mean time the results of his civil service exams are out and he has cleared them. On this account, he is granted pardon by the Emperor. On the other hand, Du convinces her father , with much effort, that she is back to life and that love is so powerful that even death succumbs to it. This final section contains some of most sweetest and hilarious pieces of Kunqu operas.(Hsien-Tsu) Though the story has an deus ex machina ending which means that it is very brupt in the end. Certain characters and twists in the plot are introduced to bring out the desired result, a happy ending for all in this play.Nonetheless , the story is a great masterpiece of creativity in many ways. The kunqu form of art adds to breathtaking power of the play, specially its three poems , "Travelling in the Garden", "The Dream Interrupted" and "Searching for the Dream" are marvellous in its expression of emotions and drama in form of music and dance. The play is basically written criticize and defy the concepts of Neo-Confucianism that was prevalent in the 16th century China. The latter placed high value and emphasis on proper behaviour and etiquettes. It demanded a complete suppression of feeling, dreams and desires and a display of rigid , unemphathic manners. As we know , that those who suffer most under such repressive cnditions are women who are asked to suppress their desires to an inhumane and unbearable extent. This political philosophy argued that mind and reason are of highest importance and cause of human happiness and success. However , Xianz in his play tried to attack the

Research for a Database For a Travel Agents Essay Example for Free

Research for a Database For a Travel Agents Essay Introduction I have been given a task to make things easier for a travel agent called Type a Flight. Type a Flight is a travel agent which is situated in Warrington and it was established in 2005 and it also has about 500 customers. The company does all its work manually. They keep their documents in filing cabinets. So when customers call in to book flights then they have to look in the cabinets for a document. This is very time consuming and due to this problem they could loose a fantastic amount of customers because they will get tired on the phone. Filing cabinets also take up a lot of space. This is getting very difficult and time consuming as the number of customers is rising on a daily basis. One of the problems is that it takes time writing letters by hand .For this problem I have come to conclusion that I will create template letters for the company and these can be sent out to customers to tell the customers that their ticket is ready or for any reasons. The conclusion I have come to is that I am going to help the agency in every single way. My main aim is to make the agency more professional and more modern and make things easier for them. For me to do my task, I will need a computer and a few important application softwares with which I shall make a database, logo and other things. Research I had a look at a database which I was shown by my class teacher. It was called Type of Flight. In the database it had things like name, ID, gender, telephone number. Database: Type a Flight Comment: The logo is located on the centre of the switchboard. The logo is got to do with holidays and other things which the agency offers. Around the logo there are the buttons which will be needed. The database has things like name, town, address, telephone numbers, date of birth, gender postcode and other few things. The database makes things easier and quicker now. This was done by putting queries, forms and a switchboard. Tasks To do my task I have broke the task into the following five parts: 1. Getting information about the travel agency. 2. Design a logo and a slogan for the travel agency. 3. Create a database, Queries, Forms and switchboard. 4. Create a letterhead and design letter templates. 5. Writing reports at the end (User Guides). 1. Getting information about the travel agency a. I can do this task by going on the internet but I will not do it this way because on the internet it will not tell you how the agency works. b. I can also do this task by going around and asking a few people but will not use it because people might not have the correct and up to date information. c. I will do this task this by Interviewing the agency manager because he will know the latest information and what problems there are in the agency. 1. What problems do you have in the agency? 2. How many customers does the agency have? Less than 100 100-250 250-500 More than 500 3. How are the documents of the customers stored? Filing Cabinet Other 4. What do you think of a computerized way to remove your problems? 5. Do your employees know how to use Microsoft Access? Yes No Do not know 6. Are your employees capable of using a switchboard? Yes No Do not know 7. Does the agency have letter templates? Yes No 8. Does the agency have a good logo? Yes No 9. Do the employees need a user guide? Yes No 10. What changes will the agency have if the computerized way was used? 2. Design a logo and a slogan for the travel agency a. I can do this task by using Microsoft Word but will not do it this way because it does not have many of the tools needed to make a logo but I can make the slogan on it. b. I can also do this task by using Adobe Photoshop but will not use it because the application is quite complicated for me. c. I will do this task this by using Paint because It offers a good amount of tools which can be used to make a good logo and a slogan. 3. Create a database, Queries, Forms and switchboard a. I can do this task by using pen and paper but will not do it this way because it will be time consuming and many mistakes can be made. b. I can also do this task by using Open Office Base but will not use it because it is harder to use than Microsoft Access. c. I will do this task this by using Microsoft Access because I can make databases, Queries, Forms and switchboards more quicker because I have used it many times before. 4. Create a letterhead and design letter templates a. I can do this task by using Microsoft Publisher but will not do it this way because it is a little hard to create a letter template but a letterhead can be produced easily. b. I can also do this task by using Paint but will not use it because it is not suitable for large amount writing. c. I will do this task this by using Microsoft Word because this application is good for making letterheads and letter templates as it gives a step by step way of making it. 5. Writing reports at the end (User Guides) a. I can do this task by using WordPad but will not do it this way because it is not possible to put in arrows to make things clearer to people. b. I can also do this task by doing it on paper and there after scan it but will not use it because it may not be neat and professional enough. c. I will do this task this by using Microsoft Word because I can take screen shots and then I can paste them onto the page. There after I will put in arrows and any other things if needed to label it clearly with information so that people fully understand. Input, Output, Process and Storage After my research and looking at the various tasks, I can establish what the input, output and storage of the system is. Ease of use The final product that I will make would consist of database, queries, forms and letterheads. It would be easy for the agency to use because I think the employees are more or less familiar with computers and using the applications needed. I will also supply them with a user guide. The user guide will be simple and very easy to use. It will have screenshots and clear labeling with arrows so if the employees get stuck any where then they could refer to the user guide which has clear instructions and easy step by step of using any application. After using the user guide the employees should have no doubt in using an application. Description of problem = 1 Plan of solution = 1 Methods = 1 Solution meets requirement = 1 Ease of use = 1

Lower Back Pain in the Elderly in Institutionalised Centres

Lower Back Pain in the Elderly in Institutionalised Centres DISCUSSION INTRODUCTION In this section, the result findings will be discussed. The aims of this study was to determine the prevalence of LBP among the institutionalized centers in Malaysia, to compare the muscle changes in term of muscle control, flexibility and strength between two groups of elderly; LBP group and non-LBP group, and to determine the functional status of the elderly in institutionalized centers. The discussion will be focused on the finding of comparison for muscle changes between both groups and also the functional status of elderly in institutionalized centers. According to Malaysian Department of Statistics, the population of Malaysian will be increased by 2020. The annual growth rate of the elderly increased from 3.1% in 1980-1990’s periods to 4.0% in period between years 2000-2010. The leading factor for this life expectancy improvement was low fertility and mortality. By the year of 2020, Malaysia would qualify to be an aging population where the population of elderly reached nearly 7% and 5 years later will be increased over 9% (Tengku Aizan et al., 2006). Recent studies on global prevalence of LBP was found that with the highest prevalence among those aged 40-80 years and among female individuals, LBP became the major problem throughout the world (Hoy et al., 2012). People with LBP has been found to had changes in automatic control of TrA (Jacobs, Hammerman-rozenberg, Cohen, Stessman, 2006), reduced trunk muscle strength (Bel et al., 2010), and spinal stiffness (Freddolini, Strike, Lee, 2014). However, none of the study done in Malaysia concentrates on elderly aged 60 and above especially elderly in institutionalized centers. Therefore, our understanding of the muscles changes happened between LBP elderly population and healthy population especially in Asian country is critically ill. PREVALENCE OF LOW BACK PAIN There has been undefined conclusion for the epidemiology for back pain especially in elderly. The present study found similar findings with other Hirsch, (1959) that the prevalence of LBP peak in the middle and declined after 60 years old. In this study, the prevalence for elderly who had LBP was 62.6% of total sample. Traditionally, it stated that back pain is common in early adulthood, peaks in middle age and declines in beyond than 60 years (Papageorgiou et al., 1995; Hirsch, 1959). Others stated that there may be because of degenerative spine and brain that caused reduces levels of back pain. Elderly also had tendency to have an age-related decline in pain sensitivity. In contrast, study done by Adams et al., proclaimed that ageing is not closely related with back pain (Wiesel, 2013). However, based on personal opinion by Dr. Richard, he agrees with study by Papageorgiou et al., (1995). In this study, the results presented that the prevalence of LBP was higher in elderly with age range from 60-69 years old than more than 70 years old. The prevalence of pain is gradually decrease with age as in this study the number of subjects was limited for age more than 80 years. A study found that symptoms of back pain began in the late twenties, highest between the ages of thirty to fifty years and then the decline or remain stable with age (Wiesel, 2013). However, when the researchers looked at the prevalence of severe back pain, it was highest among seniors, increasing from 5.4% in those aged 40 years or less to 10% in persons over 80 years of age (MacFarlane et al., 2012). MUSCLE CHANGES BETWEEN LBP AND NON-LBP GROUPS The main results showed that there is no significant difference in term of muscle changes between LBP and non-LBP elderly except for muscle control and muscle flexibility for left side flexion. Although many studies had been done on trunk muscle strength for patients with LBP, there is no reliable opinion concluded (Ikeda et al., 1994; Goto, 2001; Sakamoto et al., 1991; Ito et al., 2001; Ota, 2011; Murakami et al., 2011). Contrary to the previous study, the present study found similar finding of trunk muscle strength between both group LBP and non-LBP. Interestingly, study done by Lee et al, (1999) showed that there was a difference in trunk muscle strength where extensor muscle strength is lower than flexor muscle strength. Besides, other study done by Demoulin et al., (2007) also showed positive finding where LBP and muscle changes (fatigue) that lead to muscle weakness are correlated and was supported with study by Fryer et al., (2004) where decreased trunk muscle strength and mus cle activity were associated with LBP. The result from this study is differ from other previous studies because of this result was affected by aging factor. Most of the previous study were done among the young and middle age population (Keller et al., 2004; Klein, Snyder-Mackler, Roy, DeLuca, 1991; Taechasubamorn, Nopkesorn, Pannarunothai, 2010; Yasuda, Minami, Daikuya, 2013) and there is very limited for studies done among geriatrics population. Study by Ferreira et al., (2004) demonstrated evidence for changes in automatic control of TrA in individual with LBP where individual with LBP had reduced abdominal muscles recruitment and TrA muscle activity (P. H. Ferreira, Ferreira, Hodges, 2004; Hodges, 1996) . Their study supported this study, as the result in this study for muscle control showed significant difference between both groups. Thus, it showed that LBP group had lower muscle control than non-LBP group. It can be one of causes that will lead to LBP as Cholewicki, (1996) and Panjabi, (1992) had expressed in their studies that possible causes of some low back pain disorders and chronic back pain are motor control errors and muscular dysfunction (Cholewicki, Panjabi, Khachatryan, 1997). The PBU was used in this study as it showed high reliability with Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC2,1) of 0.74 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.85) and 0.76 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.86) (Olavo et al., 2012). It provides strong support that proved the result of this study. Another study was done to measure the precision muscle control in healthy and low back pain patients using a spiral-tracking task and trunk muscle electromyography and was found that tracking errors were higher in the LBP patients and increased with trunk inclination compared to healthy controls (Willigenburg, Kingma, Hoozemans, Dieà «n, 2013). Thus, the results from this study can be additional evidence that showed the difference of trunk muscle control between LBP and non-LBP individuals. Interestingly, a research on postural activity of abdominal muscles was differ between body position and these showed various contribution of abdominal muscle regions to stability of the trunk (Urquhart, Hodges, Story, 2005). The result for trunk muscle flexibility in this study showed similar results except for trunk left side flexion where it showed significant difference (p FUNCTIONAL STATUS AMONG ELDERLY IN INSTITUTIONALIZED CENTERS Age-related diminished physical fitness has showed contribution to the development of sarcopenia, frailty and reduced functional status (Garatachea Lucia, 2013). The gait speed test using 10 m walk test, upper limbs strength test using hand dynamometer, lower limb strength using 30 sec sit-to-stand test, and seat-reach test was used in the study field. These subjects were ranged from age of 60 and above. In the study sample, there is no significant difference of functional status between both groups LBP and non LBP except for gait speed test and right hand grip strength. According to Kubicki’s (2014) in his study stated that a study done by Fried et al., (2001) showed that a score for the gait speed test that under 0.65 m by second reveals a frailty status (Kubicki, 2014). LIMITATION OF STUDY The limitation of the current study was lack of probability sampling method as this study used convenient sampling method. It caused the unequal distribution of both groups sample which may lead to non-significant results at the end. The size, convenience, and homogeneity of the sample limit the generalizability of this study. Another limitation was that the measurement was done by different researches which have caused some error during the measurement due to different level of skills. Due to the lack of training for the tools from the experts and inexperience researches, limited tools and modified position, the study was under-powered, and thus, did not reach statistically significance. Other than that, the duration for data collection was too short with lead to reduced man-power. Subject’s consents also became one of the limitations in this study. Research that involves human being was challenging as dealing with unstable emotion especially elderly. A lot of subjects were refused to participate in this research because of depression and unstable emotion. In addition, previous research done among the institutionalized centers in Malaysia was very limited which lead to limitation of evidence to support this research. Most of the study done was among the healthy and young population, and elderly without back pain in community dwelling. Very limited source was present in the time being that study on the comparison between elderly in community setting and institutionalized setting especially in Malaysia. On the other hand, to compare more precise the differences between LBP and healthy subjects, more complex methods using higher order kinematics should be done to assess spinal biomechanical function. This has been attempted by few researches and the conclude that to achieve better evaluation and discrimination, more complex tasks such complex motion parameters were needed (Mieritz et al., 2014). Even though the normality was not normally distributed and the results was insignificant when comparing both groups, however this is first evidence of comparison on muscle changes among elderly with LBP and non-LBP among our local institutionalized center. The results should serve as a basis for future studies with larger population and normal distribution to investigate further this matter. Thus, further investigation and research need to be done among the Malaysian population especially in elderly setting and institutionalized setting. These will help in future research development and better management for the elderly population as the elderly population has been increased dramatically. CONCLUSION The main findings of this study show higher prevalence of low back pain among the elderly in institutionalized centers. Muscle changes generally happened in elderly as the aging process takes place. There is no significant difference when comparing both groups except for muscle control and left side trunk flexion. Only gait speed showed difference between both groups where LBP individuals had slower gait speed compared to non-LBP individual. Therefore, for planning of intervention for LBP elderly, they should consider gait speed as their one of outcome measure.

Aspirin :: essays research papers

Aspirin Aspirin is a white crystalline substance made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. It is used in the treatment of rheumatic fever, headaches, neuralgia, colds, and arthritis; reduce temperature and pain. The formula for aspirin is CH3CO2C6H4CO2H. Aspirin's scientific name is actylsalicylic acid (ASA). The main ingredient in ASA is salicylic acid. This ingredient grows in small roots, leaves, flowers and fruits on plants. About 100 years ago, a German chemist, Felix Hoffmann, set out to find a drug that would ease his father's arthritis without causing severe stomach irritation that came from sodium salicylate, the standard anti-arthritis treatment of the time. Hoffmann figured that the acidity of the salicylate made it hard on the stomach's lining. He began looking for a less acidic formulation. His search led him to the synthesization of acetylsalicylic acid. The compound shared the therapeutic properties of other salicylates, but caused less stomach irritation. ASA reduced fever, relieved moderate pain, and, at higher doses, alleviated rheumatic fever and arthritic conditions. Though Hoffmann was confident that ASA would prove more affective than other salicylates, but his superiors incorrectly stated that ASA weakens the heart and that physicians would not subscribe it. Hoffmann's employer, Friedrich Bayer and Company, gave ASA its now famous name, aspirin.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is not yet fully known how aspirin works, but most authorities agree that it achieves some of its effects by hindering the flow of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are hormone-like substances that influence the elasticity of blood vessels. John Vane, Ph. D., noted that many forms of tissue injury were followed by the release of prostaglandins. It was proved that prostaglndins caused redness and fever, common signs of inflammation. Vane's research showed that by blocking the flow of prostaglandins, aspirin prevented blood from aggregating and forming blood clots.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aspirin can be used for the temporary relief of headaches, painful discomfort and fever from colds, muscular aches and pains, and temporary relief to minor pains of arthritis, toothaches, and menstrual pain. Aspirin should not be used in patients who have an allergic reaction to aspirin and/or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. The usual adult dosage for adults and children over the age of 12 is one or two tablets with water. This may be repeated every 4 hours as necessary up to 12 tablets a day or as directed by your doctor. You should not give aspirin to children under the age of 12. An overdose of 200 to 500 mg/kg is in the fatal range. Early symptoms of overdose are vomiting, hypernea, hyperactivity, and convulsions. This progresses quickly to depression, coma, respiratory failure and collapse. In case of an overdose, intensive supportive therapy

Night World : Huntress Chapter 4

Rule Number One of living with humans. Always wash the blood off before coming in the house. Jez stood at the outdoor faucet, icy-cold water splashing over her hands. She was scrubbing- carefully-a long, slim dagger made of split bamboo, with a cutting edge as sharp as glass. When it was clean, she slipped it into her right knee-high boot. Then she daubed water over several stains on her T-shirt and jeans and scrubbed them with a fingernail. Finally she whipped out a pocket mirror and examined her face critically. The girl who looked back didn't much resemble the wild, laughing huntress who had leaped from tree to tree in Muir Woods. Oh, the features were the same; the height of cheekbone, the curve of chin. They had even fined out a bit because she was a year older. The red flag of hair was the same, too, although now it was pulled back in an attempt to tame its fiery disorder. The difference was in the expression, which was sadder and wiser than Jez had ever imagined she could be, and in the eyes. The eyes weren't as silvery as they had been, not as dangerously beautiful. But that was only to be expected. She had discovered that she didn't need to drink blood as long as she didn't use her vampire powers. Human food kept her alive-and made her look more human. One other thing about the eyes. They were scarily vulnerable, even to Jez. No matter how she tried to make them hard and menacing, they had the wounded look of a deer that knows it's going to die and accepts it. Sometimes she wondered if that was an omen. Well. No blood on her face. She shoved the mirror back in her pocket. She was mostly presentable, if extremely late for dinner. She turned the faucet off and headed for the back door of the low, sweeping ranch house. Everyone looked up as she came in. The family was in the kitchen, eating at the oak table with the white trim, under the bright fluorescent light. The TV was blaring cheerfully from the family room. Uncle Jim, her mother's brother, was munching tacos and leafing through the mail. He had red hair darker than Jez's and a long face that looked almost as medieval as Jez's mother's had. He was usually off in a gentle, worried dream somewhere. Now he waved an envelope at Jez and gazed at her reproachfully, but he couldn't say anything because his mouth was full. Aunt Nanami was on the phone, drinking a diet Coke. She was small, with dark shiny hair and eyes that turned to crescents when she smiled. She opened her mouth and frowned at Jez, but couldn't say anything, either. Ricky, who was ten, had carroty hair and expressive eyebrows. He gave Jez a big smile that showed chewed-up taco in his mouth and said, â€Å"Hi!† Jez smiled back. No matter what she did, Ricky was there for her. Claire, who was Jez's age, was sitting primly, eating bits of taco with her fork. She looked like a smaller version of Aunt Nan, but with a very sour expression. â€Å"Where have you been?† she said. â€Å"We waited dinner almost an hour for you and you never even called.† â€Å"Sorry,† Jez said, looking at all of them. It was such an incredibly normal family scene, so completely typical, and it struck her to the heart. It was over a year since she had walked out of the Night World to find these people, her mother's relatives. It was eleven and a half months since Uncle Jim had taken her in, not knowing anything about her except that she was his orphaned niece and that her father's family couldn't handle her anymore and had given up on her. All these months, she had lived with the Goddard family- and she still didn't fit in. She could look human, she could act human, but she couldn't be human. Just as Uncle Jim swallowed and got his mouth clear to speak to her, she said, â€Å"I'm not hungry. I think I'll just go do my homework.† Uncle Jim called, â€Å"Wait a minute,† after her, but it was Claire who slammed down her napkin and actually followed Jez through the hall to the other side of the house. â€Å"What do you mean, ‘Sorry'? You do this every day. You're always disappearing; half the time you stay out until after midnight, and then you don't even have an explanation.† â€Å"Yeah, I know, Claire.† Jez answered without looking back. â€Å"Illtry to do better.† â€Å"You say that every time. And every time it's exactly the same. Don't you realize that my parents worry about you? Don't you even care?† â€Å"Yes, I care, Claire.† â€Å"You don't act like it. You act like rules don't apply to you. And you say sorry, but you're just going to do it again.† Jez had to keep herself from turning around and snapping at her cousin. She liked everyone else in the family, but Claire was a royal pain. Worse, she was a shrewd royal pain. And she was right; Jez was going to do it again, and there was no way she could explain. The thing was, vampire hunters have to keep weird hours. When you're on the trail of a vampire-and-shapeshifter killing team, as Jez had been this evening, chasing them through the slums ofOakland , trying to get them cornered in some crack house where there aren't little kids to get hurt, you don't think about missing dinner. You don't stop in the middle of staking the undead to phone home. Maybe I shouldn't have become a vampire hunter, Jez thought. But it's a little late to change now, and somebody's got to protect these stupid- these innocent humans from the Night World. Oh, well. She'd reached the door of her bedroom. Instead of yelling at her cousin, she simply half turned and said, â€Å"Why don't you go work on your Web page, Claire?† Then she opened the door and glanced inside. And froze. Her room, which she had left in military neatness, was a shambles. The window was wide open. Papers and clothes were scattered across the floor. And there was a very large ghoul standing at the foot of the bed. The ghoul opened its mouth menacingly at Jez. â€Å"Oh, very funny,† Claire was saying, right behind her. â€Å"Maybe I should help you with your homework. I hear you're not doing so great in chemistry-â€Å" Jez moved fast, stepping nimbly inside the door and slamming it in Claire's face, pressing the little knob in the handle to lock it. â€Å"Hey!† Now Claire sounded really mad. â€Å"That's rude!† â€Å"Uh, sorry, Claire!† Jez faced the ghoul. What was it doing here? If it had followed her home, she was in bad trouble. That meant the Night World knew where she was. â€Å"You know, Claire, I think I really need to be alone for a little while-I can't talk and do my homework.† She took a step toward the creature, watching its reaction. Ghouls were semi-vampires. They were what happened to a human who was bled out but didn't get quite enough vampire blood in exchange to become a true vampire. They were undead but rotting. They had very little mind, and only one idea in the world: to drink blood, which they usually did by eating as much of a human body as possible. They liked hearts. This ghoul was a new one, about two weeks dead. It was male and looked as if it had been a body-builder, although by now it wasn't so much buff as puffed. Its body was swollen with the gas of decomposition. Its tongue and eyes were protruding, its cheeks were chipmunk-like, and bloody fluid was leaking from its nose. And of course it didn't smell good. As Jez edged closer, she suddenly realized that the ghoul wasn't alone. She could now see around the foot of the bed, and there was a boy lying on the carpet, apparently unconscious. The boy had light hair and rumpled clothes, but Jez couldn't see his face. The ghoul was stooping over him, reaching for him with sausage-shaped fingers. â€Å"I don't think so,† Jez told it softly. She could feel a dangerous smile settling on her face. She reached into her right boot and pulled out the dagger. â€Å"What did you say?† Claire shouted from the other side of the door. â€Å"Nothing, Claire. Just getting out my homework.† Jez jumped onto the bed The ghoul was very big-she needed all the height she could get. The ghoul turned to face her, its lackluster bugeyes on the dagger. It made a little hissing sound around its swollen tongue. Fortunately that was all the noise it could make. Claire was rattling the door. â€Å"Did you lock this? What are you doing in there?† â€Å"Just studying, Claire. Go away.† Jez snapped a foot toward the ghoul, catching it under the chin. She needed to stun it and stake it fast Ghouls weren't smart, but like the Energizer Bunny they kept going and going. This one could eat the entire Goddard family tonight and still be hungry at dawn. The ghoul hit the wall opposite the bed. Jez jumped down, putting herself between it and the boy on the floor. â€Å"What was that noise?† Claire yelled. â€Å"I dropped a book.† The ghoul swung. Jez ducked. There were giant blisters on its arms, the brownish color of old blood. It rushed her, trying to slam her against the chest of drawers. Jez flung herself backward, but she didn't have much room to maneuver. It caught her in the stomach with an elbow, a jarring blow. Jez wouldn't let herself double over. She twisted and helped the ghoul in the direction it was already going, giving it impetus with her foot. It smacked into the window seat, facedown. â€Å"What is going on in there?† â€Å"Just looking for something.† Jez moved before the ghoul could recover, jumping to straddle its legs. She grabbed its hair-not a good idea; it came off in clumps in her hand. Kneeling on it to keep it still, she raised the sum bamboo knife high and brought it down hard. There was a puncturing sound and a terrible smell. The knife had penetrated just under the shoulder blade, six inches into the heart. The ghoul convulsed once and stopped moving. Claire's voice came piercingly from behind the closed door. â€Å"Mom! She's doing something in there!† Then Aunt Nan's voice: â€Å"Jez, are you all right?† Jez stood, pulling her bamboo dagger out, wiping it on the ghoul's shirt. â€Å"I'm just having a little trouble finding a ruler†¦.† The ghoul was in a perfect position. She put her arms around its waist, ignoring the feeling of skin slipping loose under her fingers, and heaved it up onto the window seat. There weren't many human girls who could have picked up almost two hundred pounds of dead weight, and even Jez ended up a little breathless. She gave the ghoul a shove, rolling it over until it reached the open window, then she stuffed and maneuvered it out. It fell heavily into a bed of impatiens, squashing the flowers. Good. She'd haul it away later tonight and dispose of it. Jez caught her breath, brushed off her hands, and closed the window. She drew the curtains shut, then turned. The fair-haired boy was lying perfectly still. Jez touched his back gently, saw that he was breathing. The door rattled and Claire's voice rose hysterically. â€Å"Mom, do you smell that smell?† Aunt Nan called, â€Å"Jez!† â€Å"Coming!† Jez glanced around the room. She needed something†¦ there. The bed. Grabbing a handful of material near the head of the bed, she flipped comforter, blankets and sheets over so they trailed off the foot, completely covering the boy. She tossed a couple of pillows on top of the pile for good measure, then grabbed a ruler off the desk. Then she opened the door, leaned against the doorframe casually, and summoned her brightest smile. â€Å"Sorry about that,† she said. â€Å"What can I do for you?† Claire and Aunt Nan just stared at her. Claire looked like a rumpled, angry kitten. The fine dark hair that framed her face was ruffled; she was breathing hard, and her almond-shaped eyes were flashing sparks. Aunt Nan looked more worried and dismayed. â€Å"Are you okay?† she said, leaning in slightly to try and get a look at Jez's room. â€Å"We heard a lot of noise.† And you'd have heard more earlier if you hadn't been watching TV. â€Å"I'm fine. I'm great. You know how it is when you can't find something.† Jez lifted the ruler. Then she stepped back and opened the door farther. Aunt Nan's eyes widened as she took in the mess. â€Å"Jez†¦ this does not happen when you can't find a ruler. This looks like Claire's room.† Claire made a choked sound of indignation. â€Å"It does not. My room's never been this bad. And what's that smell?† She slipped by Aunt Nan and advanced on Jez, who sidestepped to keep her from getting to the pile of blankets. Claire stopped dead anyway, her face wrinkling. She put a hand to cover her nose and mouth. â€Å"It's you,† she said, pointing at Jez. ‘You smell like that.† â€Å"Sorry.† It was true; what with all the contact she'd had with the ghoul, and the dirty knife in her boot, she was pretty ripe. â€Å"I think I stepped in something on the way home.† â€Å"I didn't smell anything when you came in,† Claire said suspiciously. â€Å"And that's another thing,† Aunt Nan said. She had been glancing around the room, but there was nothing suspicious to see except the unusual clutter-the curtains hung motionless over the shut window; the pile of bedding on the floor was still. Now she turned to face Jez again. â€Å"You didn't call to say you were going to miss dinner again. I need to know where you go after school, Jez. I need to know when you're going to be out late. It's common courtesy.† â€Å"I know. I'll remember next time. I really will.† Jez said it as sincerely as possible, and in a tone she hoped would close the subject. She needed to get rid of these people and look at the boy under the blankets. He might be seriously hurt. Aunt Nan was nodding. â€Å"You'd better. And you'd better take a shower before you do anything else. Throw your clothes in the laundry room; I'll put them in the wash.† She made as if to kiss Jez on the cheek, but stopped, wrinkled her nose, and then just nodded again at her. â€Å"And that's it? That's all?† Claire was looking at her mother in disbelief. â€Å"Mom, she's up to something, can't you see that? She comes in late, smelling like dead skunk and sewage and I don't know what, and then she locks herself in and bangs around and lies, and all you're going to say is Don't do it again'? She gets away with everything around here-â€Å" â€Å"Claire, quit it. She said she was sorry. I'm sure she won't let it happen again.† â€Å"If I did something like that you'd skin me, but, no, if Jez does it, it must be okay. Well, I'll tell you something else. She cut school today. She left before sixth period.† â€Å"Is that true, Jez?† a new voice asked. Uncle Jim was standing in the doorway, pulling at his chin with long fingers. He looked sad. It was true. Jez had left early to set up a trap for the vampire and shapeshifter. She looked at her uncle and made a regretful motion with her head and shoulders. â€Å"Jez, you just can't do that. I'm trying to be reasonable, but this is only the second week of school. You can't start this kind of behavior again. It can't be like last year.† He thought. â€Å"From now on, you leave your motorcycle at home. You drive to school and back with Claire, in the Audi.† Jez nodded. â€Å"Okay, Uncle Jim,† she said out loud. Now go away, she added silently. Thin curls of anxiety were churning in her stomach. â€Å"Thank you.† He smiled at her. â€Å"See?† Claire jumped in, her voice hitting a note to shatter glass. â€Å"This is just what I'm talking about! You never yell at her, either! Is it because you're afraid she'll run away, like she did from her dad's relatives? So everybody has to walk on eggshells around her because otherwise she'll just take off-â€Å" â€Å"Okay, that's it. I'm not listening to any more of this.† Aunt Nan waved a hand at Claire, then turned around to shoo Uncle Jim out of her path. Tm going to clean up the dinner table. If you two want to fight, do it quietly.† â€Å"No, it's better if they do their homework,† Uncle Jim said, moving slowly. â€Å"Both of you, do your homework, okay?† He looked at Jez in a way that was probably meant to be commanding, but came out wistful. â€Å"And tomorrow come home on time.† Jez nodded. Then both adults were gone, but Claire was staring after them. Jez couldn't be sure, but she thought there were tears in her eyes. Jez felt a pang. Of course, Claire was dead on about the leeway Aunt Nan and Uncle Jim gave her. And of course, it wasn't fair to Claire. I should say something to her. Poor little thing. She really feels bad†¦. But before she could open her mouth, Claire whirled around. The eyes that had been wet a moment ago were flashing. â€Å"You just wait,† she said. â€Å"They don't see through you, but I do. You're up to something, and I'm going to find out what it is. And don't think I can't do it.† She turned and stalked out the door. Jez stood for an instant, speechless, then she blinked and closed the door. She locked it. And then for the first time since she'd seen the ghoul, she allowed herself to let out a long breath. That had been close. And Claire was serious, which was going to be a problem. But Jez didn't have time to think about it now. She turned the clock radio on her nightstand to a rock station. A loud one. Then she flipped the covers off the foot of the bed and knelt. The boy was lying facedown, with one arm stretched over his head. Jez couldn't see any blood. She took his shoulder and carefully rolled him over. And stopped breathing. â€Å"Hugh.†

Instead of continuously making Essay

As a Health Educator working for an international health organization, I would conduct a need assessment process that aims to determine the problems related to how the trash is managed in the community. I would do so by visiting the factories of different industries ranging from pharmaceuticals to FMCGs, where I would analyze how the waste material is dumped or discarded by them. Secondly, I would conduct surveys through questionnaires and informal interviews with people of households and shopkeepers that would focus on how they discard the waste, why do they do so, how often, and what do they lack in effectively disposing of the waste. After gathering enough information about this, I would ascertain the problems or unwanted outcomes that are created by improperly discarding the waste materials. For example, who are affected the most, what affects them precisely, and the extent to which they are affected negatively by improper trash management. As far as the paper products are concerned, we sloppily use them and do not utilize them to their fullest. For instance, a note book or a writing pad often goes into the trash bin with lots of unused pages. Instead of continuously making new paper products such as, copies or tissue papers, we can recycle them and save a great amount of time and cost. Other technological devices and instruments are no exception, and can also be recycled and refurbished which results in saving time, costs, and energy – both by the producers and consumers. Now let’s talk about the ways and procedures that are used to recycle the products. The resources are very much available within the community; nevertheless, if someone is lacking then we would provide them the resources to cope with the problem. One way of doing so is Curbside recycling, which is the process where the residents or subscribers are provided with trash cans and are asked to confirm their recyclables, sort them out separately, put them in the bin outside their home, and keep them clean. The recyclers would come, pick the trash or materials and take them away. Recycling drop-off centre is another technique where people can drop-off the used products or materials that are listed or guided to them to a certain location, point, or centre from where the material is taken away for recycling. Yard waste recycling encourages people to bring and deposit their yard debris or green waste to the centers for the purpose of minimizing the load on landfills and providing recycled fertilizers for the use in public parks and other areas. People can find out waste or debris and can deposit or pile it up in their backyard (Selvon, 2008). And finally, ECO-CELL is another way of recycling the technological devices or instruments such as, cell phones, computers, and printers. Answer – 2 I would involve the community in the needs assessment process by creating a buzz among them about the alarming situation of waste management and its hazardous impacts over the community. I would initiate campaigns that would be designed and carried out against the improper trashing and polluting the environment; moreover, those campaigns would create awareness among the people about how they are affected, what is the better way of trashing, and how they can be benefitted from that. People would be asked to search and tell us about the problems they and other people face in the community, and what has worsened than before. Several gifts and prize money would be given as an incentive to the people to come and participate in the need assessment program and overcome the issue of improper trash management. References Selvon. M. (2008). Recycling Yard Waste is a Great Composting Solution. Retrieved on July 28, 2010. From http://ezinearticles. com/? Recycling-Yard-Waste-is-a-Great-Composting-Solution&id=1150298

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My Favorite Heroes There are a lot of people who I admire most; some of them are In history, some are my family member who passed away years ago, and some of them are political leaders from history and in the present. I have a lot of reasons why I admire them because they are my favorite heroes, who Inspire me greatly. Among those people, one of my favorite heroes Is general Among San who was Burmese revolutionary leader and negotiated with British Empire for Bursa's Independence, fought for freedom of Burma from British colony and was founder of Burmese Army In Burma.He was assassinated by his enemy In 1947. The reason why I admire him Is because he got freedom from British colony from British country. He sacrificed his life for my country and all the people of Burma. Because of him, Burma received independence in 1947 at the same year of his assassination. He is not only my true hero but he is also a national hero of Burma. I really respect him and love him from the bottom of my he art, present and he is my greatest hero who was in history.My second favorite hero is Among San Sue Sky who is Burmese opposition politician, hairpieces of National League for Democracy in Burma and daughter of general Among San. I have several reasons to say why she is my hero. She is also like her father general Among San who wanted to sacrifice himself to Burmese people. She gives all of her energy and time for fighting democracy for Burma. Moreover, her party, National League for Democracy won general election of Burma in 1990, but unfortunately, Burmese Military Government took over the power of the country and detained her into house arrest for 21 years in Yankton.However, she was never upset about the under failure and fought for democracy for Burma in nonviolent ways. She inspires by the greatest India hero Amah Dam Gandhi who fought for freedom of India in nonviolent ways. She was release from house arrest in 2010. She has an open mind and good personality. She always put f irst priority to her people and country. For example, during house arrested, she was not allowed to go oversea.At that time her husband Michael suffered from final stage of cancer and wanted to see her before he died, unfortunately, Burmese government did not allow him to visit her at Rangoon, but they gave an option to her to leave the country for good or to still house arrest In Rangoon. At that time she neglected her feeling and pain and gave herself first priority for Burmese people to fight freedom and democracy for Burma. That Is why she won the Noble Peace Prize In 1991 and other several awards by oversea leaders and other nongovernmental organizations around the world.She Is true hero for Burma because she negotiates with even her enemy and forgives them for the sake of Burmese people. In conclusion, both of them are my favorite and national heroes In history and In the present. By Antenatal 8 April,2013 There are a lot of people who I admire most; some of them are in histor y, some are because they are my favorite heroes, who inspire me greatly. Among those people, one of my favorite heroes is general Among San who was independence, fought for freedom of Burma from British colony and was founder of Burmese Army in Burma.He was assassinated by his enemy in 1947. The reason why I admire him is because he got freedom from British colony from British country. He but they gave an option to her to leave the country for good or to still house arrest in priority for Burmese people to fight freedom and democracy for Burma. That is why she won the Noble Peace Prize in 1991 and other several awards by oversea leaders and other nongovernmental organizations around the world. She is true hero for In conclusion, both of them are my favorite and national heroes in history and in

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Coca cola amatil - Essay Example Therefore, with the new structure, decision making and other management issues the take the form of decentralization. The structure is presented in the chart below: Communication at Coca Cola Amatil takes a top down approach, which involves issuance of information in a hierarchical structure. In this structure, the highest-ranking officials issue commands, which are then transferred through the hierarchy and the managerial structure to the people on the downer level. Information is mostly transferred through board meetings that bring together executives from various departments. These executives then pass on the message of communication to the people under their departments. This can happen through supervisors or directly through departmental meetings. Top-down approach ensures that the employees are informed always of the happenings in the organization. The following is chart demonstrating the top-down

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